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- Cao Wei, the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, established as a dynasty in 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕, son of Cao Cao, replaced by Jin dynasty in 265
- the Three Caos (Cao Cao 曹操 and his sons Cao Pi 曹丕 and Cao Zhi 曹植), who established the Wei or Cao Wei dynasty 曹魏, and were all three noted poets and calligraphers
- Cao Pi (187-226), second son of Cao Cao 曹操, king then emperor of Cao Wei 曹魏 from 220, ruled as Emperor Wen 魏文帝, also a noted calligrapher
Trad. 曹參
- Cao Can (-190 BC), second chancellor of Han Dynasty, contributed to its founding by fighting on Liu Bang's 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭|楚汉战争[Chu3 Han4 Zhan4 zheng1]
- also pr. [Cao2 Shen1]
- Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei 曹魏, father of Emperor Cao Pi 曹丕
- the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义
Trad. 曹白魚
- Chinese herring (Ilisha elongata)
- white herring
- slender shad
- Cao Xueqin (c. 1715-c. 1764), accepted author of A Dream of Red Mansions 紅樓夢|红楼梦[Hong2 lou2 Meng4]
Trad. 曹靖華
- Cao Jinghua (1897-1987), translator from Russian, professor of Peking University and essayist
Trad. 曹餘章
- Cao Yuzhang (1924-1996), modern writer and publisher, author of Tales from 5000 Years of Chinese History 上下五千年[Shang4 xia4 Wu3 Qian1 nian2]
Trad. 曹不興
- Cao Buxing or Ts'ao Pu-hsing (active c. 210-250), famous semilegendary painter, one of the Four Great Painters of the Six Dynasties 六朝四大家
Trad. 曹剛川
- Cao Gangchuan (1935-), former artillery officer, senior PRC politician and army leader
Trad. 陰曹地府
- netherworld
- Kingdom of the Underworld
- Hades
Trad. 綁赴市曹
- to bind up and take to the market (idiom); to take a prisoner to the town center for execution
Trad. 聶姆曹娃
- Božena Němcová (1820-1862), Czech writer
Trad. 蕭規曹隨
- lit. Xiao's 蕭何|萧何[Xiao1 He2] governance followed by Cao 曹參|曹参[Cao2 Can1] (idiom)
- fig. to strictly adhere to the policies of the predecessor
- to follow precedent
Trad. 曹妃甸區
- Caofeidian, a district of Tangshan City 唐山市[Tang2 shan1 Shi4], Hebei
Trad. 說曹操曹操就到
- lit. speak of Cao Cao and Cao Cao arrives
- fig. speak of the devil and he doth appear
Trad. 說曹操，曹操到
- see 說曹操曹操就到|说曹操曹操就到[shuo1 Cao2 Cao1 Cao2 Cao1 jiu4 dao4]
Trad. 身在曹營心在漢
- live in Cao camp but have the heart in Han camp (idiom)
- to be somewhere while longing to be somewhere else