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- Flame Emperors (c. 2000 BC), legendary dynasty descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God
Trad. 炎陵縣
- Yanling, a county in Zhuzhou City 株洲市[Zhu1 zhou1 Shi4], Hunan
- antipyretic tablet (to reduce fever), such as sulfanilamide
Trad. 氣管炎
- bacterial tracheitis (inflammation of the windpipe, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus)
- henpecked (a pun on 妻子管得嚴|妻子管得严[qi1 zi5 guan3 de5 yan2] used in comic theater)
Trad. 陰道炎
- vaginal infection
- inflammation of the vulva or vagina
- colpitis
- Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936), scholar, journalist, revolutionary and leading intellectual around the time of the Xinhai revolution
Trad. 陳慶炎
- Tony Tan (1940-), president of Singapore 2011-2017
Trad. 顧炎武
- Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), late Ming and early Qing Confucian philosopher, linguist and historian, played a founding role in phonology of early Chinese, author of Rizhilu or Record of daily study 日知錄|日知录
Trad. 司馬炎
- Sima Yan (236–290), founder and first emperor (265–290) of the Western Jin dynasty 西晉|西晋[Xi1 Jin4], posthumous name 晉武帝|晋武帝[Jin4 Wu3 di4]
- stomatitis
- ulceration of oral cavity
- inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth
- Fiery Emperor's tomb in Yanling county, Zhuzhou 株洲, Hunan
Trad. 炎黃子孫
- descendants of the Fiery Emperor and the Yellow Emperor (i.e. Han Chinese people)
Trad. 乙型腦炎
- Japanese encephalitis, aka epidemic encephalitis B
Trad. 趨炎附勢
- to curry favor (idiom); playing up to those in power
- social climbing
- COVID-19, the coronavirus disease identified in 2019
Trad. 世態炎涼
- the hypocrisy of the world (idiom)
- hot (i.e. popular) (emphatic form of 火[huo3]) (neologism c. 2016)
Trad. 黴漿菌肺炎
- mycoplasma pneumonia
Trad. 風濕關節炎
- rheumatoid arthritis
Trad. 肺炎雙球菌
- Diplococcus pneumoniae
Trad. 肺炎黴漿菌
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Trad. 支原體肺炎
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
Trad. 急性闌尾炎
- acute appendicitis (medicine)
- atypical pneumonia
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- SARS
Trad. 風濕性關節炎
- rheumatoid arthritis
Trad. 強直性脊柱炎
- ankylosing spondylitis
- Bechterew’s disease
Trad. 東方馬腦炎病毒
- eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus
- Klebsiella pnenmoniae
Trad. 西方馬腦炎病毒
- western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus
Trad. 委內瑞拉馬腦炎病毒
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus
Trad. 巨細胞病毒視網膜炎
- cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis), a disease of the retina that can lead to blindness