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- vegetable; greens (CL:棵[ke1])
- dish (of food) (CL:樣|样[yang4],道[dao4],盤|盘[pan2])
- (of one's skills etc) weak; poor
- (coll.) (one's) type
A菜
- (Tw) A-choy, or Taiwanese lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. sativa) (from Taiwanese 萵仔菜, Tai-lo pr. [ue-á-tshài] or [e-á-tshài])
- oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
- rape greens; leafy greens of certain Brassica species
- (dialect) bok choy
- dish
- lean and hungry look (resulting from vegetarian diet)
- emaciated look (from malnutrition)
Trad. 髮菜
- long thread moss (Nostoc flagelliforme), an edible algae
- also called faat choy or hair moss
Trad. 菜頭
- (Tw) radish, esp. white radish 白蘿蔔|白萝卜[bai2 luo2 bo5]
- CL:根[gen1]
- spinach (CL:棵[ke1])
- (slang) gambling; gambler (alternative term for 博彩[bo2 cai3])
- appetizer
- small side dish
- easy job
- piece of cake
- see also 小菜一碟[xiao3 cai4 yi1 die2]
- edible fern fronds (fiddleheads), esp. bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum)
Trad. 莧菜
- amaranth greens (genus Amaranthus)
- Chinese spinach (Amaranth mangostanus)
- edible seaweed of genus Porphyra or genus Pyropia, esp. one used to make dried sheets of nori
- water spinach
- ong choy
- swamp cabbage
- water convolvulus
- water morning-glory
- Ipomoea aquatica (botany)
- garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), aka Chinese chives
- (coll.) naive or easily exploited people (esp. small investors or consumers), likened to chives that can be repeatedly harvested for profit
- Chinese cabbage, esp. napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
- sometimes used to refer to bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
- CL:棵[ke1],個|个[ge4]
Trad. 裙帶菜
- wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible seaweed
Trad. 龍鬚菜
- asparagus
- (Tw) young shoots of the chayote vine 佛手瓜[fo2 shou3 gua1]
- (botany) arugula; rocket; roquette (subspecies Eruca vesicaria sativa)
- Bitter Herbs, 1958 novel by Feng Deying 馮德英|冯德英[Feng2 De2 ying1], made into a film in 1965
Trad. 高麗菜
- cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) (CL:顆|颗[ke1],個|个[ge4])
- Taiwan pr. [gao1li4cai4]
- milk cabbage (aka "white bok choy" and various other names), a variety of bok choy
- bok choy
- Shanghai pak choy
- Chinese mustard (Brassica rapa Chinensis)
- steamed bun stuffed with vegetables
- (fig.) useless person
- a good-for-nothing
- tiger salad, a northeast China dish usually consisting of hot pepper, cucumber, cilantro and leek
- (fig.) (coll.) to fleece a group of people repeatedly (esp. small investors, consumers or fans), treating them as an endlessly renewable resource to harvest for profit
- cabbage (round cabbage most commonly found in Western countries)
- Chinese cabbage; napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
- CL:棵[ke1]
Trad. 黃花菜
- citron daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni); golden needles (its edible flower)
Trad. 寶塔菜
- Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis), perennial plant with an edible rhizome
- Brassica narinosa (broadbeaked mustard)
- Chinese flat cabbage
- Gelidium amansii, species of red algae from which agar is extracted
- water spinach or ong choy (Ipomoea aquatica), used as a vegetable in south China and southeast Asia
Trad. 苣蕒菜
- endive (Cichorium endivia)
- field sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)
Trad. 金針菜
- day lily (Hemerocallis), used in Chinese medicine and cuisine